German/Week 5

Present tense: verb patterns and high-frequency verbs

Green takes over. One regular pattern, seven irregular workhorses, and the rule that governs where a German verb sits.

Colours live this week

10 of 10 in play
Noun

A thing, a person or a place.

Verb

An action or a state — what is happening.

Adjective

Describes a noun.

Adverb

Modifies a verb or an adjective.

Article

the / a / some — and possessives like mon, ma.

Pronoun

Stands in for a noun — I, you, he, it.

Preposition

Links words together — to, in, of, for.

Conjunction

Joins two parts of a sentence.

Question word

Opens a question — where, when, how, why.

Fixed chunk

Learn it whole. Do not take it apart.

The full palette has been live since Week 4. From here on nothing new is introduced — you simply use all nine.

What to produce, and what only to recognise

The forms to produce are ich, Sie, er/sie/es and wir. Du and ihr are recognition-only for now — and note that Sie, the polite you, takes the same form as the plural they, which halves the work. Use Sie with anyone you have not been invited to call du.

The regular pattern

Most German verbs take these endings. Learn one model verb and the rest follow.

Verbichreviewedduer / sie / eswirihrsie / Sie
machento do or makemachemachstmachtmachenmachtmachen
wohnento live, to residewohnewohnstwohntwohnenwohntwohnen
arbeitento workarbeitearbeitestarbeitetarbeitenarbeitetarbeiten

Only the ich column becomes a review card. The rest are there to be recognised, not produced — which is what keeps a day inside its fifteen minutes.

Seven irregular verbs worth more than any others

Several change their vowel in the du and er forms — ich fahre but er fährt. Since those are recognition-only for now, do not let it slow you down.

Verbichreviewedduer / sie / eswir
seinto bebinbististsind
habento havehabehasthathaben
gehento go (on foot)gehegehstgehtgehen
fahrento go (by vehicle)fahrefährstfährtfahren
könnencan, to be ablekannkannstkannkönnen
wollento wantwillwillstwillwollen
nehmento takenehmenimmstnimmtnehmen

Only the ich column becomes a review card. The rest are there to be recognised, not produced — which is what keeps a day inside its fifteen minutes.

The verb is always the second idea

German puts the conjugated verb in the second position of a statement — not the second word, the second idea. Ich wohne in London. But if you start with something else, the verb still holds that slot and the subject moves behind it: Heute wohne ich in London. Morgen gehe ich ins Kino. English does not do this, and it is the mistake that marks out a beginner more than any vocabulary gap. Say it enough times and it stops feeling backwards.

Chunks built from those verbs

  • [ich bin]I am
  • [ich habe]I have
  • [ich gehe]I'm going
  • [können Sie]can you (formal)
  • [das ist]that is
  • [es gibt]there is / there are

    Literally it gives. One phrase for both singular and plural, and the noun after it takes the object form: es gibt einen Bahnhof.

Sentence frames

  1. 1

    Ich spreche ein bisschen Deutsch.

    I speak a little German.

    The single most useful sentence you will learn all year.

  2. 2

    Können Sie das wiederholen, [bitte]?

    Can you repeat that, please?

    Two verbs, so wiederholen goes to the end.

  3. 3

    Wir gehen ins Café.

    We're going to the café.

    Ins is in + das — German contracts its prepositions too.

Daily mini-tasks

Listening this week

Coffee Break German — the verb episodes

Season 1

Clear conjugation drills. Ideal for shadowing at 0.75× speed.